Introduction to AutoCAD contains hundreds of drawings and screen-shots to illustrate the stages within the design process. Readers can also visit a companion website and make use of a full colour AutoCAD Gallery, where they can edit drawings from the exercises found within the text, and see solutions to all exercises featured in the book. Further exercises in 3D work are also available to download. Details of enhancements to AutoCAD over previous releases are given in the text, along with illustration of how AutoCAD fits into the design process as a whole.
When the install begins, AutoCAD displays a list of the install components including icons indicating the status of each component. Each of components will be checked off as it successfully completes its install. Figure 2. Product Installation. The Create Deployments option enables you to create pre-configured deployments for installing products on client workstations.
The process for creating deployments is similar to that of installing products. Figure 3. Deployment Wizard. The Install Tools and Utilities option enables you to install network license utilities as well as administrative and reporting tools. Participating in the Customer Involvement Program As a beginner, expert, or someone in between, you can play a key role in helping Autodesk design software to meet your needs and exacting standards.
AutoCAD includes new automated functionality that enables you to contribute to the future development of AutoCAD without doing a thing! When you participate in the Customer Involvement Program, Autodesk automatically collects anonymous information about your system configuration and how you use the software.
Periodically, this information will be sent to Autodesk. However, no personal information will be collected and no one will contact you. Regardless of which option you select for hardware acceleration, new texture compression enhancements will require less video memory and improve performance when display images and textures. User Interface AutoCAD offers many enhancements that enable you to create a user interface that maximizes the drawing area while still providing easy access to the tools you need most!
Managing Workspaces A new 2D Drafting and Annotation workspace has been added to the list of predefined workspaces. Selecting one of the predefined workspaces automatically displays the appropriate menus, toolbars, tool palettes, and dashboard panels for performing 3D modeling or 2D drafting and annotation.
Figure 8. New Dashboard Panels. In addition to the new Dashboard panels, improvements have been made to existing panels and you can now use the Customize User Interface CUI tool to customize Dashboard panels. To further automate the user interface, when you select a tool from the Dashboard the corresponding tool palettes automatically display. Working with Palettes In AutoCAD , you can easily create new tool palette tools based on existing drawing geometry even if the tool palette to which you wish to add the tool is not initially active.
When you drag an object from the drawing to an inactive tool palette, AutoCAD automatically activates it enabling you to drop the object to the proper location. You can customize the icons associated with tools on the tool palette using the new Specify Image menu option available when you right-click on a tool.
If you no longer wish to use the selected image, an additional right-click menu option enables you to remove it, automatically restoring the default image. Figure 9. Specify Image menu option You can quickly update a block definition in the current drawing to match a block on the tool palette by selecting the new Redefine option from the right-click menu of a block tool.
Figure Redefine drawing block with tool palette block definition When you modify the location of tools on a tool palette, their order is maintained in the tool catalog unless the catalog file is read-only as well as in the profile.
This enables you to share your tool palettes without having to manually reorganize the tools. Enhancements to pane headers, borders, splitter bars, buttons, and tool tips make it easier for you to understand and manipulate the controls and data in the CUI dialog box.
With the CUI dialog box open, you can drag and drop buttons directly on a toolbar to rearrange or remove them. The Command List pane includes a new search tool that enables you to filter command names as you type. You can view the macro associated with a command by simply passing your cursor over the command name and you can drag and drop commands from the Command List directly onto a toolbar.
The CUI customization tree enables you to create a new toolbar based on an existing menu. If you drag and drop a menu element to the top level of the Toolbars node, AutoCAD creates a new toolbar; if you drop it onto another toolbar, AutoCAD creates a flyout.
Customizing a Dashboard panel is very similar to customizing toolbars, both within the CUI dialog box and on the Dashboard itself. In addition, you can create a new row of tools in a dashboard panel by dragging a toolbar from the Toolbar node to the Dashboard node. When you select a toolbar or dashboard from the customization tree, a preview pane displays a customizable representation of the selected element.
And you can drag and drop tools in the preview pane to rearrange or. When you select a tool in the preview pane, the corresponding tool is automatically selected in the customization tree and command list. Likewise, selecting a tool from the customization tree automatically highlights it within the preview pane and the command list. The Button Image pane displays the name of the image file below the icon preview and a tooltip displays the name of each button icon as you pass your cursor over the image.
Customize User Interface dialog box. When you access the CUI dialog box by choosing Customize from the right-click menu of a toolbar, tool palette, or dashboard panel, it opens in a simplified state with only the Command List displayed.
Drawing Management AutoCAD offers new and enhanced functionality for managing the data within your drawings as well as for managing externally referenced drawing data. External References dialog box and Properties palette. You can choose to ignore external references, translate reference data into the drawing file, or create a DGN underlay. In addition, you. Import DGN Settings dialog box.
You have the option to export externally referenced DGN files underlays and you can specify a seed file and units master or sub. Specifying a seed file allows you to choose to export the data as a 2D or 3D file using imperial or metric units and master or sub units. For example, if you select the Invert Clip option and then specify a rectangular boundary, everything within the rectangle is removed from the display. Working with Blocks Using dynamic blocks is more intuitive with new grip tips!
When you hover the cursor over a dynamic block grip, the associated parameter description is displayed as a tooltip. Recovering drawing files Enhanced drawing recover functionality enables you to select a corrupted drawing DWG file and automatically run the recover processes on it and all of its xref files. Managing Layers The Layer Properties Manager and the new Layer panel in the Dashboard offer many enhancements to simplify the process of creating and managing layers.
You can easily rearrange the display order of layer properties by dragging and dropping the column headings and you can control which layer properties are displayed by turning them on or off from a right-click menu.
A new Customize Layer Columns dialog box, accessible from the right-click menu, enables you to toggle the visibility of multiple columns. Right-click on column headers. A new layer creation option in the Layer Properties Manager enables you to create a new layer that is automatically frozen in all viewports. You can access this option from a button as well as from the right-click menu. Additionally, if you right-click on an existing layer, you can freeze that selected layer in all viewports.
However, you can still rename an existing layer by pressing F2 or by clicking twice slowly on the layer name. Right-click on existing layer. You can display objects differently in selected layout viewports while retaining their original layer properties in model space and in other layout viewports. With layer property overrides, you no longer need to use tedious and error-prone methods such as duplicating geometry on separate layers or making copies of xrefs.
When a viewport contains overrides, a Viewport Overrides property filter is automatically created and the override properties are indicated with a different background color. You can select the Viewport Overrides filter to view all layers that contain overrides. VP Layer Overrides. You can quickly change object properties including Color, Linetype, Lineweight, Material, and Plotstyle, of selected objects to.
Set Bylayer Settings dialog box The Layer States Manager, which you can now access outside of the Layer Properties Manager, provides powerful features for managing and editing saved layer states. You can edit layer states and view layer states from xref files.
A Settings button in the Layer Properties Manager provides access to the new Layer Settings dialog box where you can enable layer evaluation, apply the layer filter to the layer toolbar, and change the background color for viewport overrides. Layer Settings dialog box. The first time you Save or Plot a drawing, AutoCAD creates a list of reconciled layers based on the existing layer names.
The new layer evaluation functionality automatically compares the current layer list with the reconciled layer list to help prevent new layers from being added to the drawing without your knowledge.
A separate option will display an alert when unreconciled layers are present during a plot operation. If a discrepancy between the existing layers and the reconciled layers is detected and notification is enabled, you can select a link in the notification bubble to quickly view the unreconciled layers in the Layer Properties Manager.
Unreconciled Layer Notification. The Layer Properties Manager automatically creates a layer filter for unreconciled layers. You can review the list of unreconciled layers and then manually select and reconcile layers using the Reconcile option from the right-click menu.
Unreconciled Layers. The new Layer Panel on the Dashboard acts as a central location for your Layer tools. It includes all of the tools from the Layers toolbar and more! Layer Panel on the Dashboard. You can access the layer Isolation tools from the Layers panel of the Dashboard. The Layer isolate functionality LAYISO command includes a new option for you to lock and fade background layers rather than simply hiding them.
Since objects on a locked layer cannot be edited, their grips are not displayed upon selection. Managing Layouts and Sheets AutoCAD offers many enhancements that make it easier for you to work with drawing layouts and sheets. In-place editing enables you to rename a layout by double-clicking on the layout tab and you can drag and drop layouts to reorder them.
Use familiar tools Ctrl and Shift to select multiple layouts then and drag them to their new location. If you press Ctrl as you drag and drop the layouts, AutoCAD will create copies or the layouts rather than moving them. Drag and drop to move or copy layouts If you are using sheet sets, you can easily add a layout from the current drawing to the active sheet set.
Right click over the layout tab and select the new Import Layout as Sheet option from the right click menu or simply drag and drop the layout tab onto the sheet list.
Using either of these methods will display the Import Layouts as Sheets dialog box listing all the layouts in the drawing, with the specified layout already selected. You can easily select additional layouts to import without having to access the right-click menu or drag and drop for each layout.
A new option in the right-click menu of the Sheet List tab enables you to publish your sheet set in reverse order. When this option is enabled, the sheets that you plot using Publish to Plotter or Publish using Page Setup Override will plot in reverse of how they are listed in the sheet set manager.
Two additional enhancements provide greater flexibility when plotting from the Sheet Set Manager. Disabling homogeneous plotting allows plots from other drawings or sheet sets to enter the plot spool. Drawing Annotation Annotation is a crucial part of your design drawings and creating annotations can consume a considerable amount of your workday. Fortunately, new and improved functionality in AutoCAD enables you to annotate your drawings with greater flexibility and efficiency than ever before.
Controlling Annotation Scale The frequent need for you to view the same design data at different scales can require you to produce multiple sets of annotation objects, such as text and dimensions, and multiple layers.
New annotation scales, enable you to automate the process of scaling drawing objects that are typically used for annotation.
When the annotative property is enabled you can assign annotation scales to that object. You can apply the annotative property to supported objects in various ways depending on the type of object. Objects that are created with a graphical user interface, including MTEXT, Hatches, Attribute Definitions, and Block Definitions, enable you to apply the annotative property upon creation.
Annotative toggles. Objects that are created using the Command Line Interface, including Text, Dimensions, Tolerance, Leaders, and Multiple Leaders, can be modified after creation to enable the Annotative property.
You can use the Properties window to change the Annotative property of any existing annotative-type object. In addition to applying the annotative property on a per-object basis, you can create annotative styles. If the Annotative option is enabled for a style, that style name will be preceded by an Annotative icon helping you identify which styles are annotative when viewing them in a style list.
However, you can override the annotative property on a per-object basis using the Properties Window. Annotative Styles. When you redefine a style or definition to be annotative or non-annotative, existing objects that reference that style or definition are not automatically updated to reflect the annotative property of the style or definition. When you enable the Annotative property for an object, the object automatically takes on the current annotation scale and a cursor icon indicates that the object is annotative.
Once the Annotative property has been enabled for an object, you can add as many annotative scales as you want. However, to optimize the drawing file and performance, you should only add scales that are necessary. It is most helpful to consider at what scale you will represent the drawing and then set that as the current annotation scale when you create new annotative objects. This process will enable you to quickly create annotative objects that are size appropriate and it will minimize the number of additional annotative scales you need to create.
You add or remove the annotative scales using the Annotation Object Scale dialog box, which is accessible from the Properties window or from the right-click menu for a selected annotative object. Annotative Scales. AutoCAD automatically creates a representation of the annotative object for each of the specified scales. When you select the object, you can see the multiple scale representations.
The current scale representation, the one AutoCAD displays even when the object is not selected, depends on the annotation scale of the current viewport or modelspace. For example, if the annotation scale of the current viewport is , the scale representation of the annotative object is displayed.
You can select and grip-edit the current scale representation without affecting the other scale representations. Annotative Scale Representations. New controls on the status bar enable you to control the annotative scale of the current viewport or modelspace. When you select or activate a viewport, the status bar includes two scale lists; VP Scale and Annotation Scale.
These scale lists are inaccessible if the viewport is locked. The scales list is now stored in the drawing file so it can vary per drawing. When drawing files are externally referenced, any named scales referenced by annotative objects in the xref file that do not appear in the host drawing are temporarily added to the scales list. Scale List. When you specify an Annotation Scale, the corresponding Viewport Scale is automatically applied and the annotative objects for the selected scale are displayed using their appropriate scale representations.
Any annotative objects that do not contain a scale representation for the specified annotation scale are not displayed.
Para ampliar o reducir una imagen conforme a una escala determinada, hay que seguir los siguientes pasos: 1. Para centrar el dibujo en el area grafica: 1. Especificar el punto que se desee emplazar en el centro del dibujo. Especificar una altura en unidades de dibujo o escribir un factor de escala. Zoom Todo muestra el dibujo en su totalidad. Pero te tengo una excelente noticia. Siempre se esta dibujando en una capa.
Es posible que sea la capa por defecto o una capa que haya creado el usuario y a la que haya asignado un nombre. Para crear una nueva capa: 1. Especificar otro nombre de capa. Para crear varias capas, vuolver a pulsar Nueva, escribir el nuevo nombre y pulsar Intro. Solo los siete primeros colores tienen nombre. Si alterna frecuentemente entre capas visibles e invisibles, puede desactivar las capas en lugar de inutilizarlas.
AutoCAD no muestra, ni traza, ni regenera los objetos de las capas inutilizadas. Las capas inutilizadas son invisibles. No se regeneran ni se trazan. Bloqueo y desbloqueo de capas El bloqueo de capas resulta practico para editar los objetos asociados con ciertas capas y ver los objetos de otras capas. No es posible editar los objetos de las capas bloqueadas, aunque permanecen visibles si la capa esta activada y reutilizada. AutoCAD dibuja las cotas en la capa actual. Mediante las familias de estilos, se pueden realizar modificaciones en los diferentes tipos de cotas a partir de un estilo base.
Una cota tiene diferentes partes. El texto de cota es una cadena de texto que suele indicar la medida real. En caso de no hacerlo, se aplica el estilo actual. Para crear una cota horizontal o vertical: 1.
Para crear una cota alineada: 1. Las cotas continuas son conjuntos de cotas encadenadas. Pulsar Intro dos veces para ejecutar el comando. Pulse Intro dos veces para ejecutar el comando. Seleccionar el arco o el circulo que se desee acotar. Escribir t para modificar el contenido del texto de la cota opcional. Para crear una cota angular: 1. Seleccionar el segundo punto 4. Escribir t o m para modificar el contenido del texto de cota opcional.
Para crear una directriz sencilla con texto: 1. Especificar los puntos Desde y Al de la directriz. Pulsar Intro de nuevo para concluir el comando. Al crear una cota, se aplica el estilo actual. Si antes de crear una cota no se define o no se aplica ninguno, AutoCAD aplica el estilo por defecto Standard.
Pulsar Formato para establecer el emplazamiento del texto de cota. Esto es frustrante porque tienes que empezar de cero. Ya nada de lo que puedes ver en la pantalla de AutoCAD se parece a las versiones anteriores.
Una vez asignadas las plumillas, se pasa a seleccionar la zona que se desea imprimir. Posteriormente, se pasa a asignar una escala al dibujo, y a centrarlo sobre la hoja de papel.
En primer lugar se indica la distancia real del punto al origen de coordenadas dist. Todas, hace que el icono se active, se desactive o se coloque en el origen de todas las ventanas en que tenemos dividida la pantalla de dibujo. Determina el punto del espacio en el que nos situamos para ver el dibujo.
Mediante el punto 0,0,1 obtendremos una vista de la planta. La vista de alzado equivale a introducir el punto 1,0,0. La vista de perfil se obtiene introduciendo las coordenadas del punto 0,1,0.
Se trata de otro comando con el que podemos determina el punto del espacio en el que nos situaremos para ver el dibujo. Esto mismo se puede hacer indicando los dos giros en los recuadros situados sobre estas casillas.
Establecer vista en planta, nos obtiene directamente la vista en planta de nuestro dibujo. En Cambiar vista a, podemos modificar el punto de vista de la ventana seleccionada. Indique nombre s de las configuraciones de ventanas a suprimir o [? Volver Y, hace lo mismo, pero ahora gira el eje X alrededor del eje de las Y.
Indique nombre de SCP para restaurarlo o [? Indique nombre para guardar SCP actual o [? Designe la ventana en la que aplicar SCP actual o [Todas]: -? Podemos definir como actual cualquiera de los SCP ortogonales referidos al universal o al sistema actual. Vista 3D»Vista en planta. Nos permite visualizar la vista en planta de nuestro dibujo tomando como base el SCU, el sistema de coordenadas actual o un sistema de coordenadas que tengamos guardado.
Escribiendo el comando aparece el siguiente mensaje. Modos de sombreado: Presenta las distintas opciones para modificar el tipo de sombreado. Si no se designa nada y se da al INTRO, aparece un bloque de una casa, con el que se puede seleccionar el punto de vista en vez de hacerlo con nuestros objetos. Si utilizamos un gran angular excesivo, la imagen llega a distorsionarse. El plano delimitador delantero, oculta la parte de la imagen comprendida entre el propio plano y el usuario. El plano delimitador trasero oculta la escena desde dicho plano hasta el final.
Genera copias del objeto seleccionado, bien en forma de filas, columnas y niveles matriz rectangular , o alrededor de un eje matriz polar. Realiza el giro de los objetos seleccionados a partir de un eje que se indica con una de las opciones del comando.
Desplaza y gira los objetos seleccionados si es necesario, hasta alinearlo con otro objeto que se utiliza como destino. Permite hacer invisibles los lados de las caras 3D que son visibles y hacer visibles los que son invisibles. Nos permite dibujar una superficie definida a partir de dos curvas que se encuentra una en frente de la otra. Las cuatro entidades deben cerrar perfectamente la superficie, de forma que donde termina una entidad debe comenzar la siguiente.
Al introducir el radio de la base superior es cuando se decide el tipo de figura a dibujar, si el radio es cero se dibuja un cono, si el radio es distinto al de la base inferior un cono truncado, y si el radio es igual al de la otra base un cilindro. El cono siempre es recto, no pudiendo dibujar conos oblicuos. Para que los marcos de las ventanas se puedan ocultar a fin de que no se impriman, es necesario crear una Capa e insertarlas en ella.
Haciendo clic en el interior de cada ventana, podemos determinar la vista que queremos obtener, utilizando los comandos Vistadin, Pto vista 3D, Orbita 3D o Vistas guardadas. De entre todas las opciones que aparecen, seleccionar Ocultar al trazar. Cambiando al espacio papel. El valor por defecto es 4 pero se puede aumentar. El lado inclinado converge sobre el eje de las X.
Los conos generados son rectos. Contiene las mismas opciones que la orden anterior. En este caso, se selecciona directamente la arista a achaflanar y no las aristas entre las que se achaflana.
Esas vistas las podemos pasar a dos dimensiones, como si se tratase de una cartulina en la que hemos ido pegando distintas fotos de nuestro dibujo.
Estos dos comandos siempre trabajan juntos y siempre en el mismo orden. Las capas con el sufijo DIM, se crean para que podamos utilizarlas a la hora de acotar. Al seleccionar el comando, AutoCAD nos pide que seleccionemos las ventanas en las que queremos obtener el dibujo en dos dimensiones, para eso tendremos que pinchar en el marco de la ventana. AutoCAD nos divide el papel y nos presenta en cada ventana, la misma imagen. Pinchando en el interior de la siguiente ventana, modificaremos su punto de vista y su zoom.
Realizaremos la misma labor con el resto de las ventanas. La segunda pregunta nos permite que todas las aristas se dibujen en un plano en dos dimensiones, o se copien en el espacio, en 3D. Tengo que advertirte Te recomiendo que los leas para que no caigas en los mismos errores o dejes de cometerlos a partir de este momento: 1. Y para otros, la idea de aprender a crear modelos tridimensionales de un proyecto y hacer perspectivas fotorealistas en AutoCAD les parece tan complicado que no dan el paso.
Si no has escuchado hablar sobre el Ing. Pablo Viadas, no te preocupes. Pablo es muy conocido dentro del medio de AutoCAD No en vano los alumnos quedan sorprendidos por las respuestas, los consejos y el seguimiento que Pablo les brinda. Antes era muy lento para hacer un plano, ahora tengo muy buena facilidad de dibujo. El mayor beneficio de este curso se ve en los trabajos que realizas una vez finalizado el mismo. Mi calificaciones han subido por tiempo y calidad, ya que mis presentaciones son excelentes Y cuando digo HOY Paso 2: Repites el ejercicio por tu cuenta.
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